常见的汉字部首 / Frequently-used Chinese Radical
- Mandarin Time
- 2 hours ago
- 4 min read

你知道汉字的构成秘密吗?
许多部首源自象形符号:有的描绘自然万物(日、月、水),有的来自人体部位(目、手、心),还有的取材于动物形态、工具器物、居所建筑,甚至表达动作与抽象概念。
这些小小的部首不仅是笔画——它们承载着历史、文化与逻辑,让汉字成为一门活的视觉叙事系统。
Ever wondered how Chinese characters are built?
Many originate from pictographic radicals: some depict nature (sun, moon, water), others come from human body parts (eye, hand, heart). There are radicals from animals, tools, dwellings, and even those expressing actions or abstract ideas.
These tiny components are more than just Chinese strokes—they carry history, culture, and logic, making Chinese writing a living system of visual storytelling.
一、自然与元素类 (Nature & Elements)
这类部首描绘了天地、自然和基本元素。
This type of Chinese radical depicts earth, nature, and fundamental elements.
No. | Radical | Meaning | Chinese Term | Example & Explanation |
1 | 日 | sun, day | 日字旁 | 明 (bright: 日+月),时 (time) |
2 | 月 | moon, month | 月字旁 | 朋 (friend: 两个“月”并列),期 (period) |
3 | 山 | mountain | 山字旁 | 峰 (peak),岛 (island) |
4 | 氵 | water | 三点水 | 海 (sea),河 (river),流 (flow) |
5 | 火 (灬) | fire | 火字旁/四点底 | 炎 (flame),热 (hot),煮 (cook) |
6 | 土 | earth, soil | 提土旁 | 地 (ground),城 (city),场 (field) |
7 | 石 | stone | 石字旁 | 破 (break),研 (grind/research),碑 (stele) |
8 | 气 | air, steam | 气字头 | 氧 (oxygen),氢 (hydrogen) |
9 | 金 (钅) | metal, gold | 金字旁/钅字旁 | 铁 (iron),银 (silver),钱 (money) |
10 | 木 | tree, wood | 木字旁 | 树 (tree),林 (forest),板 (board) |
11 | 艹 | grass, plant | 草字头 | 花 (flower),草 (grass),药 (medicine) |
12 | 雨 | rain | 雨字头 | 雪 (snow),雷 (thunder),雾 (fog) |
13 | 风 | wind | 风字旁 | 飘 (float),飒 (soughing of wind) |
14 | 田 | field | 田字旁 | 男 (man: 田+力,在田里出力的人), 画 (draw) |
二、人与人体类 (People & Body)
这类部首源自人体的各个部位。
This type of Chinese radical is derived from various parts of the human body.
No. | Radical | Meaning | Chinese Term | Example & Explanation |
15 | 亻 | person | 单人旁 | 你 (you),们 (plural),作 (do) |
16 | 女 | woman | 女字旁 | 妈 (mom),好 (good),姓 (surname) |
17 | 子 | child | 子字旁 | 孩 (child),学 (learn),孙 (grandson) |
18 | 父 | father | 父字头 | 爸 (dad),爷 (grandpa) |
19 | 母 (毋) | mother | 母字旁 | 每 (every),毒 (poison) |
20 | 口 | mouth, opening | 口字旁 | 吃 (eat),叫 (call),司 (department) |
21 | 心 (忄, ⺗) | heart | 竖心旁/心字底 | 想 (think),感 (feel),爱 (love: ⺗是“心”的变体) |
22 | 目 | eye | 目字旁 | 看 (look),眼 (eye),相 (mutual) |
23 | 耳 | ear | 耳字旁 | 听 (listen),闻 (hear/smell),聪 (clever) |
24 | 手 (扌) | hand | 提手旁 | 打 (hit),拿 (take),拳 (fist) |
25 | 足 (⻊) | foot | 足字旁 | 跑 (run),跳 (jump),路 (road) |
26 | 肉 (月) | flesh, body part | 肉月旁 | 腿 (leg),脸 (face),有 (have: 手持肉,表示拥有) |
三、动物与生灵类 (Animals & Creatures)
这类部首来源于动物的形象。
This type of radical originates from the imagery of animals.
No. | Radical | Meaning | Chinese Term | Example & Explanation |
27 | 犭 | dog, animal | 反犬旁 | 狗 (dog),猫 (cat),狼 (wolf) |
28 | 虫 | insect, reptile | 虫字旁 | 蛇 (snake),蝴 (butterfly),蚁 (ant) |
29 | 鸟 | bird | 鸟字旁 | 鸡 (chicken),鸭 (duck),鹅 (goose) |
30 | 鱼 | fish | 鱼字旁 | 鲜 (fresh),鲤 (carp),鲨 (shark) |
31 | 马 | horse | 马字旁 | 骑 (ride),驾 (drive),驴 (donkey) |
32 | 牛 (牜) | cow, bovine | 牛字旁/牜字旁 | 物 (thing: 本义是杂色牛),特 (special) |
四、器物与建筑类 (Objects & Buildings)
这类部首源于人造物品、工具和居所。
This type of Chinese radical stems from human-made objects, tools, and dwellings.
No. | Radical | Meaning | Chinese Term | Example & Explanation |
33 | 宀 | roof, house | 宝盖头 | 家 (home),安 (safe),宿 (accommodate) |
34 | 门 | door, gate | 门字框 | 问 (ask: 在门口询问),间 (between),闭 (close) |
35 | 纟 | silk, thread | 绞丝旁 | 红 (red),纸 (paper),系 (tie) |
36 | 车 | cart, vehicle | 车字旁 | 转 (turn),轻 (light),辆 (measure word for vehicles) |
37 | 舟 | boat | 舟字旁 | 船 (ship),航 (navigate),舰 (warship) |
38 | 衣 (衤) | clothing | 衣字旁/衤字旁 | 服 (clothes),被 (quilt),初 (beginning: 用刀裁衣是制衣的开始) |
39 | 饣 | food, eat | 食字旁 | 饭 (meal),饱 (full),饿 (hungry) |
40 | 皿 | dish, container | 皿字底 | 盆 (basin),盒 (box),盖 (lid) |
41 | 刀 (刂) | knife | 立刀旁 | 分 (divide),利 (sharp),别 (leave) |
42 | 弓 | bow | 弓字旁 | 张 (open/stretch),弹 (弹: bounce; 弹: bullet),强 (strong) |
43 | 斤 | axe, weight unit | 斤字旁 | 新 (new: 用斧砍木取新材),断 (break),斧 (axe) |
44 | 贝 | shell, money | 贝字旁 | 财 (wealth),买 (buy),贵 (expensive) |
45 | 王 (玉) | jade, king | 王字旁 | 玩 (play),珠 (pearl),理 (reason) |
五、抽象概念类 (Abstract Concepts)
这类部首表达动作、状态或抽象观念。
This type of Chinese radical expresses actions, states, or abstract concepts.
No. | Radical | Meaning | Chinese Term | Example & Explanation |
46 | 言 (讠) | speech, language | 言字旁 | 说 (speak),话 (words),认 (recognize) |
47 | 走 | walk, run | 走字旁 | 起 (rise),超 (exceed),趣 (interest) |
48 | 辶 | walk, move | 走之旁 | 过 (pass),还 (return),这 (this) |
49 | 疒 | illness | 病字头 | 病 (sick),痛 (pain),瘦 (thin) |
50 | 示 (礻) | spirit, ritual | 示字旁 | 礼 (ritual),福 (blessing),神 (god) |




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